Хаей Сара — Зоар

Хаей Сара

Хаей Сара — Зоар на Бет ха-Мидраш: еврейский текст и перевод на русский, с Раши и великими комментаторами. Бесплатно, онлайн.

וַיִּהְיוּ חַיִּי שָׂרָה מֵאָה שָׁנָה ועֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה ושֶׁבַע שָׁנִים, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פָּתַח וְאָמַר, (יונה א׳:ט״ו) ויִּשְׂאוּ אֶת יוֹנָה ויְטִלֻהוּ אֶל הַיָּם ויַּעֲמֹד הַיָּם מִזַּעְפּוֹ. הָכָא אִית לְאִסְתַּכָּלָא, מַאי טַעְמָא אַרְעִישַׁת יַמָּא עֲלֵיהּ דְּיוֹנָה, ולָא אַרְעִישַׁת עֲלֵיהּ אַרְעָא, כֵּיוָן דְּהֲוָה אָזִיל בְּגִין דְּלָא תִשְׁרֵי עֲלֵיהּ שְׁכִינְתָּא, יַמָּא (עלאה) אַמַּאי אָחִיד בֵּיהּ כַּד הֲוָה אָזִיל.AND THE LIFE OF SARAH WAS A HUNDRED AND SEVEN AND TWENTY YEARS. R. Jose discoursed on the verse: And they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea; and the sea ceased from its raging (Jonah 1, 15). ‘The question may here be asked,’ he said, ‘why it was the sea and not the earth that raged against him, seeing that he fled to prevent the Shekinah from resting upon him.

אֶלָא וַדַּאי מִלָּה בְּאַתְרֵיהּ הֲוָה. יַם, תְּנַן יַם דַּמְיָא לְרָקִיעַ וְרָקִיעַ לְכִסֵּא הַכָּבוֹד, וּבְגִין כָּךְ יַמָּא אָחִיד בֵּיהּ וְנְטַל לֵיהּ (בגין דהוה עריק) מִקַּמֵּי יַמָא עָרַק (נ"א ומקמי ימא ביה שרא יראה בדוכתיה), שָׁדֵי יַמָּא יְדָא בֵּיהּ בְּדוּכְתָּהָא (נ"א תשרי ידא בדוכתהא).In fact, however, it was appropriate that it should be so. Our teachers say that the sea resembles the sky and the sky resembles the Throne of Glory; hence the sea seized him and held him fast. For as he, in effect, fled from the sea, the sea was the proper agent to fill him with fear and trembling.

וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת יוֹנָה וַיְטִלֻהוּ אֶל הַיָּם. אוֹלִיפְנָא כַּד הֲווּ נָטְלֵי לֵיהּ וְטָבְעֵי יַרְכוֹי בְּיַמָּא, הֲוָה יַמָּא שָׁכִיךְ, זָקְפִין לֵיהּ, אִתְרְעִישׁ יַמָּא, כָּל מַה דְּטָבְעֵי לֵיהּ הָכִי אִשְׁתְּכִיךְ יַמָּא, עַד דְּאִיהוּ אָמַר שָׂאוּנִי וַהֲטִילוּנִי אֶל הַיָּם, מִיָּד וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת יוֹנָה וַיְּטִלוּהוּ אֶל הַיָּם.“And they took up Jonah and cast him into the sea.” Tradition says that as they took him up and plunged him into the water up to his thighs, the sea was assuaged, and when they lifted him up again the sea resumed its violence. This happened repeatedly, until finally Jonah said: “Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea” (Ibid. 1, 12). Forthwith they did so.

כֵּיוָן דְּאִתְרַמֵּי בַּיָּם פָּרְחָה מִנֵּיהּ נִשְׁמָתֵיהּ, וְסָלְקָא עַד כֻּרְסְיָיא דְמַלְכָּא, וְאִתְדָּנַת קַמֵּיהּ, וְאַהֲדָרַת לֵיהּ נִשְׁמָתֵיהּ, וְעָאל בְּפוּמָא דְהַהוּא נוּנָא, וּמִית נוּנָא, לְבָתַר אִתְקְיַּים הַהוּא נוּנָא, וְאוּקְמוּהָ.No sooner was he cast forth into the sea than his soul took flight from him and ascended to the Throne of the King, before whom she was brought to judgement. She was then restored to Jonah, and then the fish swallowed him. The fish died, but afterwards came to life again. This is the accepted explanation.

תָּא חֲזֵי, בְּשַׁעְתָּא דְּבַר נָשׁ סָלִיק בְּעַרְסֵיהּ כָּל לֵילְיָא וְלֵילְיָא, נִשְׁמָתֵיהּ נָפְקַת מִנֵּיהּ וְאִתְדָּנַת קַמֵּי בֵּי דִינָא דְמַלְכָּא, אִי זַכָּאָה לְאִתְקָיְימָא, אִתְהַדָּרַת לְהַאי עַלְמָא.In the same way, every night when a man retires to his bed his soul leaves him and ascends to be judged before the King’s tribunal. If she is found deserving to continue in her present state, she is allowed to return to this world.

Zohar, Chayei Sara 1