Sota — Tosefta pe Beth HaMidrash: textul ebraic și traducerea lui în română, cu Rași și marii comentatori. Gratuit, online.
Sota — Tosefta pe Beth HaMidrash: textul ebraic și traducerea lui în română, cu Rași și marii comentatori. Gratuit, online.
ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אמר משום ר' אלעזר מקנא ע"פ עד אחד או ע"פ עצמו ומשקה ע"פ שנים השיבו [על דברי] ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אין [לדבר] סוף אי זו היא עדות הראשונה זו עדות סתירה [שניה] זו עדות טומאה וכמה היא טומאה כדי ביאה וכמה היא כדי ביאה כדי העראה וכמה היא העראה ר' אליעזר אומר כדי חזרת דקל ר' יהושע אומר כדי מזיגת [הכוס] בן עזאי אומר כדי לשתותו ר' עקיבה אומר [כדי שיקשור] הגרדי נימא חנן בן פינחס אומר כדי [שתשוט אצבע לתוך פה פלימו אומר כדי שתפשוט ידה ותטול ככר מתוך הסל אע"פ] שאין ראיה לדבר זכר לדבר שנא' (משלי ו׳:כ״ו) כי בעד אשה זונה עד ככר לחם.Rabbi Yosei bar Rabbi Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, he (i.e., the jealous husband) warns [his wife regarding associating with a certain man] on the testimony of one witness or on his own testimony, and she drinks [the bitter waters] on the testimony of two (se Sot. 1:1). They responded to the words of Rabbi Yosei bar Rabbi Yehuda, there is no end to the matter. § What is the first testimony? That is the testimony of seclusion. The second? That is the testimony of defilement. And how much time [is required] for defilement [to occur]? As much time as it takes for intercourse. And how much time does intercourse take? As much time as the first stage of intercourse. And how much time does the first stage of intercourse take? Rabbi Eliezer says, the time it takes to circle a palm tree. Rabbi Yehoshua says, the time it takes to mix a cup of wine. Ben Azzai says, the time it takes to drink it. Rabbi Akiva says, the time it takes for a weaver to tie a knot. Chanan ben Pinchas says, the time it takes her to stick a finger in her mouth. Peleimo says, the time it takes her to stick her hand into a basket and take out a loaf of bread. And even though there is no proof of the matter, there is a hint to the matter, as it says (Prov. 6:26, JPS tr.), "The last loaf of bread will go for a harlot."
ר"י אומר בעלה נאמן [עליה] מק"ו ומה נדה [שחייבים] על ביאתה כרת בעלה נאמן עליה סוטה שאין חייבין על ביאתה כרת אינו דין שיהא בעלה נאמן עליה אמרו לו [וכל] שכן הואיל ואין חייבין על ביאתה כרת לא יהא בעלה נאמן עליה ד"א לא אם אמרת בנדה שיש לה היתר [לאחר] איסורה תאמר בסוטה שאין לה היתר אחר איסורה [וכן הוא אומר] (משלי ט׳:י״ז) מים גנובים ימתקו וגו' ר' יוסי אומר הכתוב האמינו עליה שנא' (במדבר ה׳:ט״ו) והביא האיש את אשתו אל הכהן.Rabbi Yehuda says: Her husband is trusted regarding her (i.e., not to have had relations with his wife on the journey to the Temple to perform the Sotah ceremony (see Sot. 1:3)). [This is learned out] from a kal v'chomer: Just as [the husband of a] menstruant, who is liable for excision if he has relations with her, is believed regarding her, [then with respect to the husband of a] suspected adulteress, who is not liable for excision if he has relations with her, is it not logical that her husband should be believed regarding her? They said to him: All the more so, since he is not liable for excision for having relations with her, should he not be believed regarding her? Another version: [They said to him,] Not so. If you say that regarding a menstruant, who has permissible factors after the prohibition started, would you say the same regarding a suspected adulteress, who has no permissible factors after the prohibition started? And thus it says (Prov. 9:17, JPS tr.), "Stolen waters are sweet[, And bread eaten furtively is tasty]." Rabbi Yosei says, Scripture itself believes him regarding her, as it is said (Num. 5:15), "And the man shall bring his wife to the Kohen."
מעלין אותה לשערי מזרח [לשער] נקנור ששם משקים את הסוטות [ומטהרין] את היולדות ומטהרין המצורעים שנא' (מלכים א ח׳:ל״ב) את אשר יחטא איש לרעהו ואתה תשמע השמים ועשית ושפטת את עבדיך להרשיע רשע לתת דרכו בראשו (במדבר ה׳:כ״ז) וצבתה בטנה ונפלה ירכה ולהצדיק צדיק לתת לו כצדקתו ואם לא נטמאה האשה וטהורה היא ונקתה ונזרעה זרע היא עומדת מבפנים והכהן עומד מבחוץ שנא' (שם) והעמיד הכהן את האשה לפני ה' ואין כהן לפני ה' וכדרך שמאיימין עליה שתחזור בה מאיימין עליה שלא תחזור בה אומרים לה בתי אם ברור לך שאת טהורה עמדי על בורייך ושתי שאין [המים] הללו דומין אלא לסם יבש שנתון ע"ג בשר חי [ואין מזיקו ולכשמוציאין שם מכה מחלחל ויורד].[If the suspected adulteress says that she is pure,] they bring her up to the Eastern Gate, to the Gate of Nicanor, which is where they give the suspected adulteress [the bitter waters] to drink, and [where] they purify women after childbirth, and purify lepers, as it is said (1 Kings 8:31-32), "Whenever a man sins against his neighbor [... and he brings it before Your Altar in this House], You shall hear, O Heavens, and take action and judge Your servants, condemning the wicked to bring down his conduct upon his head" -- [this refers to] (Num. 5:27): "Her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall fall." "And to vindicate the righteous, to bestow upon him according to his righteousness" (1 Kings 8:32) -- [this refers to] (Num. 5:27): "But if the woman did not defile herself and she is pure, she is to be held innocent and she shall bear seed." § She stands within and the Kohen stands without, as it is said (Num. 5:18), "And the Kohen shall stand the woman before Hashem," and there is no Kohen who is "before" Hashem. § Just as they believe [the husband] regarding her so that she will retract [her innocence and confess her guilt (see Sot. 14a:15)], they believe him regarding her so that she will not retract. They say to her, "My daughter, if it is clear to you that you are pure, stand on your clarity and drink, for these waters are similar only to dry poison that is placed on living flesh, which does no damage [as long as the skin is intact], but which if a wound is found there, it penetrates and goes down [into the bloodstream]." (See Sot. 7b:4, Steinsaltz.)
אין משקין שתי סוטות [כאחד] שלא יהא לבה גס בחברתה ר"י אומר לא מן השם הוא זה אלא משום שנא' (במדבר ה׳:ט״ז) והקריב אותה הכהן [אותה מקריב ואין מקריב] שתים.They do not give [the bitter waters] to two suspected adulteresses to drink at one time, so that the heart of one will not be strengthened by the other. Rabbi Yehuda says, it is not for that reason. Rather, it is because of what it says (Num. 5:16), "The Kohen shall bring her close [and stand her before Hashem]." He brings her close, and he does not bring two close.
כהנים מטילין ביניהם גורלות כל מי שעלה גורלו [אפילו] כהן גדול יוצא ועומד בצד סוטה ואוחז בבגדיה אם נקרעו נקרעו [אם] נפרמו נפרמו עד שמגלה לבה וסותר [את] שערה רבי יהודה אומר אם היה לבה נאה לא היה מגלהו ואם היה שערה נאה לא היה [סותרו] מפני פרחי כהונה.The Kohanim draw lots among themselves [to determine who will participate in the Sotah ceremony]. Whoever's lot is drawn, even [if it is the lot of] the Kohen Gadol, he goes out and stands next to the Sotah, and he grabs ahold of her clothes (Sot. 1:5). If they are torn, so be it, and if they are rent apart (i.e., exposing her flesh), so be it, even until her chest (lit., "her heart") is bared, and he [also] loosens her hair. Rabbi Yehuda says, if her chest was attractive, he would not bare it, and if her hair was attractive, he would not loosen it, because of the young Kohanim (whose desire would be aroused).
Tosefta Sotah 1
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