Demai — Tosefta

Demai

Demai — Tosefta no Beth HaMidrash: o texto hebraico e sua tradução em português, com Rashi e os grandes comentaristas. Grátis, online.

הקלין שבדמאי השיתין והרמון והעוזרדין חזקתן בכל מקום פטורין ואם היו משתמרין חייבין אם כחס על שדהו פטורה ר' יוסי אומר שיתין [שבציפורן] חייבות מפני שהן משתמרות ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר הנובלות הנמכרות עם התמרות חייבות וחכ"א עד שלא יטילו שאור פטורות משיטילו שאור חייבות.These are the leniencies with Demai (uncertainly tithed produce): wild figs, the fruit of the lotus, and azerole are presumed exempt in every place (cf. Dem. 1:1). But if they were watched over, they are liable [as Demai]. If [they happen to also be watched over by virtue of] someone protecting his field (i.e, where they happen to have grown), they are exempt. Rabbi Yosei says, wild figs from Tzipporin are liable [as Demai] because they are watched over. Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Yehudah says, unripe dates that are sold along with [ripe] dates are liable. And the Sages say, until they begin to ripen [lit. "to leaven"] they are exempt, [but] from [the time that] they begin to ripen they are liable.

בראשונה היה חומץ שביהודה פטור מפני שחזקתו מן התמד עכשיו שחזקתו מן היין חייב.Originally (see Dem. 1:1), vinegar from Judea was exempt because it was presumed to be [produced] from husks and stalks of pressed grapes [see Jastrow re: תמד]. [But] now, given that it is presumed to be [produced] from wine, it is liable.

[הברכות] והסייפות בגנה חייבות בבקעה פטורות אלו הן [הברכות] עד שלא יושיבו שומא הסייפות משיקפלו המוקצעות רבי אלעאי אמר משום ר' אליעזר [הבכרות] לעולם חייבות מפני שהן משתמרות.The early-ripeners as well as the late-ripeners from the garden are liable [but] from the plains are exempt. These are the early-ripeners: [Those that grow] until someone [is sent to] sit and watch them. [And these are the] late-ripeners: [Those that grow] from [when] the harvesters come with their cutting tools [see Minchat Yitzchak loc. cit.]. Rabbi Ilai says in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, the early-ripeners are always liable because they are watched over.

כזיב עצמה פטורה מן הדמאי חזקת ארץ ישראל חייב עד שיודע שהוא פטור חזקת חו"ל פטור עד שיודע [לך] שהוא חייב חזקת בעלי בתים ישראל שבסוריא אין מפרישין עליהן דמאי ואם בידוע שרוב הפירות שלהן הרי אלו חייבין.[Produce purchased in] Cheziv alone is exempt from Demai. [But] the presumption is that [produce purchased elsewhere in] the Land of Israel is liable, unless it is known that it is exempt. [Conversely] the presumption is that [produced purchased] outside the Land of Israel is exempt until it is known that it is liable. It is presumed that [one who purchases produce from] Jewish landowners in Syria need not separate on their account, but if it is known that the majority of the produce is theirs (i.e., grown on their land), behold, it it is liable.

אמר שלי הן חייב לעשר מעושרין הן נאמן שהפה שאסר הוא הפה שהתיר היה מוכר פירות בשנת מעשר שני ואמר של מעשר שני הן נאמן היה מוכר פירות בשנת מעשר עני ואמר מעשר שני [זה] אין נאמן [היה מוכר פירות בשנת מעשר שני ואמר מעשר עני נאמן שהפה שאסר הוא הפה שהתיר].[A seller who] said "this is mine (i.e., from my fields)," they are liable to tithe. [A seller who said] "it is tithed," they are believed because the mouth that forbade is the [same] mouth that permitted (cf. Dem. 6:11). [Someone who] sold produce in a year of second tithe, and said, "[It was separated from] second tithe," they are believed. [Someone who] sold produce in a year of poor man's tithe, and said, "[It was separated during a year of] second tithe," they are not believed. [Someone who] sold produce in a year of second tithe and said, "[It was separated during a year of] poor man's tithe," they are believed, because the mouth that forbade is the [same] mouth that permitted.

Tosefta Demai 1