Taanit — Talmud Jeruschalmi

Taanit

Taanit — Talmud Jeruschalmi på Beth HaMidrash: den hebreiska texten och dess svenska översättning, med Raschi och de stora kommentatorerna. Gratis, på nätet.

משנה: מֵאֵימָתַי מַזְכִּירִין גְּבוּרוֹת גְּשָׁמִים רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר מִיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר מִיּוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ הוֹאִיל וְאֵין הַגְּשָׁמִים סִימַן בְּרָכָה בֶּחָג לָמָה הוּא מַזְכִּיר. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אַף הוּא אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר אֶלָּא מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ וּמוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם בְּעוֹנָתוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אִם כֵּן לְעוֹלָם יְהֵא מַזְכִּיר:MISHNAH: From when does one mention the Power of rains which celebrates God’s power in resurrecting the dead, during the rainy season in the winter one inserts the formula mentioned later celebrating God’s power to bring or withhold rain.? Rebbi Eliezer says, from the first holiday of Tabernacles, but Rebbi Joshua says, from the concluding holiday. Rebbi Joshua said, since rain during Tabernacles is not a sign of blessing, why should he mention? Rebbi Eliezer said to him, he only says “He Who makes the wind blow and brings down the rain”, in its appropriate time. They answered him, if that is so, one should always mention it.

הלכה: מֵאֵימָתַי מַזְכִּירִין גְּבוּרוֹת גְּשָׁמִים כול׳. טַעֲמֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. עַל יְדֵי שֶׁאַרְבָּעַת מִינִין הַלָּלוּ גְדֵילִים עַל הַמַּיִם לְפִיכָךְ הֵן בָּאִין פְּרַקְלִיטִין לַמַּיִם. דָּבָר אַחֵר. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָעֶבֶד מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת רַבּוֹ כָל צוֹרְכּוֹ הוּא תוֹבֵעַ פְּרָסוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַהֲלֹא מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהָעֶבֶד מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת רַבּוֹ כָל צוֹרְכּוֹ וְרוּחַ רַבּוֹ נוֹחָה הֵימֶינּוּ הוּא תוֹבֵעַ [פַּרְנָסָת]וֹ מִמֶּנּוּ. דָּבָר אַחֵר. אֵין הָעֶבֶד תּוֹבֵעַ פְּרָסוֹ אֶלָּא סָמוּךְ לִפְרָסוֹ. תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר. מִשְּׁעַת נְטִילַת לוּלָב. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר. מִשְּׁעַת הַנִּיחוֹ. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּהָדֵין בַּתְרַיָיא הִיא דַעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר קַדְמִיָיתָא הִיא דַעְתֵּיהּ אַחֲרִיַָיתָא. מִחְלְפָא שִׁטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר. מִיּוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן. וְהָכָא הוּא אָמַר. מִשְּׁעַת הַנִּיחוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. שֶׁכָּל הַיּוֹם כָּשֵׁר לַלוּלָב. וְיַזְכִּיר מִבָּעֶרֶב. לֵית כָּל עַמָּא תַמָּן. וְיַזְכִּיר בַּשַּׁחֲרִית. אַף הוּא סָבוּר שֵׁמָּא הִזְכִּירוּ מִבָּעֶרֶב וְהוּא הֲוֵי מַדְכַּר. מִכֵּיוָן דְּהוּא חֲמִי לוֹן דְּלָא מַדְכְּרִין בְּקַדְמִיתָא וּמַדְכְּרִין בָּאַחֲרִיתָא. אַף הוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּירוּ מִבָּעֶרֶב. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר מַרְיָיא. הָכֵין הֲוָה רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָבוּךְ הֲוִי בָהּ.HALAKHAH: “From when does one mention the Power of rains,” etc. The reason of Rebbi Eliezer, because these four kinds Chapters 3–4. Babli 2b. grow on water, they become attorneys for water. Another explanation, when the slave serves all his master’s needs he asks for his reward from him. Rebbi Joshua said to him, is it not that when the slave has served all his master’s needs and his master is satisfied with him that he asks his [sustenance] from him? Another explanation. The slave asks for his reward only close to the time when his reward is due. It was stated: Rebbi Eliezer says, from the time one takes the lulav; Rebbi Joshua says, from the time he puts it down. In the opinion of the latter Tanna, the opinion of Rebbi Eliezer in the first is his opinion in the latter. The argument of Rebbi Joshua is inverted. There, he says from the concluding holiday, but here he says, from the time he puts it down can be read as meaning that on the seventh day after morning prayers, when the lulav is no longer needed, one should start mentioning rain in his prayers.. Rebbi Mana says, because the entire day is qualified to take the lulav during morning prayers is preferred, the obligation can be discharged during the entire day. As a generally applicable rule, R. Joshua’s statement in the baraita also refers to the eighth day.. Should he not mention in the evening? Not everybody is there. Then he should mention it in the morning. He would think that maybe they mentioned in the evening and he will mention. Since he sees that they do not mention in the first {prayer} but mention in the later {prayer}, he understands that they did not mention in the evening. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Marius said to him, so was your father Rebbi Jonah arguing it.

רִבִּי חַגַּיי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי פְדָת. אָסוּר לְיָחִיד לְהַזְכִּיר עַד שֶׁיִּזְכּוֹר שָׁלוּחַ צִיבּוּר. רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. בְּשָׁלוּחַ צִיבּוּר הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי חַגַּי. מַה וּפְלִיג. אָמַר לֵיהּ. לֹא. דָּא דְאַת אָמַר. בְּשָׁלוּחַ צִיבּוּר הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי. יָחִיד אִם רָצָה לְהַזְכִּיר מַזְכִּיר. בְּטָל. וְדָא דְּאַתְּ אָמַר. אָסוּר לְיָחִיד לְהַזְכִּיר עַד שֶׁיַּזְכִּיר שָׁלוּחַ צִיבּוּר. בַּגֶּשֶׁם. קָמוּן לִצְלוֹתָא. כְּמִי שֶׁהִזְכִּיר שָׁלוּחַ צִיבּוּר.Rebbi Ḥaggai in the name of Rebbi Pedat: It is forbidden for the individual to mention before the public reader mentions before the reader in the synagogue starts. This version may be read to mean that the individual may not start mentioning rain unless he could have heard the mention in the repetition of the prayer by the reader.. Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: Is the matter dependent on the public reader? Rebbi Mana said before Rebbi Ḥaggai, do they disagree? He said to him: no. That which you are saying, is the matter dependent on the public reader? The individual if he wants to mention, he mentions dew. But what you are saying is: it is forbidden for the individual to mention before the public reader mentions rain of the last holiday of Tabernacles.. If they rise for prayer it is as if the public reader mentioned it.

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁתְּחִיַית הַמֵּתִים חַיִים לְעוֹלָם. כָּךְ יְרִידַת גְּשָׁמִים חַיִים לְעוֹלָם. רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר בָּא שָׁמַע לָהּ מִן הָדָא. יְחַיֵינוּ מִיּוֹמָיִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי יְקִימֵנוּ וְנִחְיֶה לְפָנָיו. וְנֵדְעָה נִרְדְּפָה לָדַעַת אֶת יְי כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֹן מֹצָאוֹ.5:2 (Notes 63–86); the origin is here. The theme is that God has to be praised for rain in the prayer for resurrection of the dead during the rainy season (Mishnah Berakhot5:2, Note 62). Just as the resurrection of the dead brings life to the world, so rains bring life to the world. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba understood it from here: He will resurrect us after two days, on the third day He will raise us up and we shall live before Him. We shall know, we shall pursue to know the Eternal, like morning His appearance is well based. 6:2–3. The first verse of Hosea clearly speaks of resurrection, the second verse ends: it(knowing God) will come like rain to us, like late rains which pour on the Land. The verses are further discussed in Sanhedrin11:8 (Note 117), Babli Rosh Hashshanah31a, Sanhedrin97a..

כָּתוּב וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּי מִתּוֹשָׁבֵי גִלְעָד אֶל אַחְאָב חַי יי אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר עָמַדְתִּי לְפָנָיו אִם יִהְיֶה הַשָּׁנִים הָאֵלֶּה טַל וּמָטָר כִּי אִם לְפִי דְבָרִי. רִבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אָמַר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵה וְרַבָּנִין. חַד אָמַר. בֵּין עַל הַטָּל בֵּין עַל הַמָּטָר נִשְׁמַע לוֹ. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. עַל הַמָּטָר נִשְׁמַע לוֹ וְעַל הַטָּל לֹא נִשְׁמַע לוֹ. מָאן דְּאָמַר. עַל הַמָּטָר נִשְׁמַע לוֹ וְעַל הַטָּל לֹא נִשְׁמַע לוֹ. מִן הָדֵין קִרְיָיא. לֵךְ הֵרָאֵה אֶל אַחְאָב וְאֶתְּנָה מָטָר עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה. מָאן דְּאָמַר. בֵּין עַל הַטָּל בֵּין עַל הַמָּטָר נִשְׁמַע לוֹ. אֵיכָן הוּתָּר נִדְרוֹ שֶׁל טָל. אָמַר רִבִּי תַנְחוּם אֶדִרֶעְיָא. סָבְרִין מֵימַר. נֶדֶר שֶׁהוּתָּר מִכְּלָלוֹ הוּתָּר כּוּלֹּו. אִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר. בִּבְנָהּ שֶׁלְצָרְפִית. וַיִּקְרָא אֶל יי וַיֹּאמַר יי אֱלֹהָיי הֲגַם עַל הָאַלְמָנָה אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מִתְגּוֹרֵר עִמָּהּ הֲרֵעֹתָה לְהָמִית אֶת בְּנָהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי. לְאֶחָד שְׁגָּנַב נַרְתֵּיקוֹ שֶׁלְרוֹפֵא. עִם כְּשֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא נִפְצָע בְּנוֹ. חָזַר אֶצְלוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ. אֲדוֹנִי הָרוֹפֵא. רְפָא אֶת בְּנִי. אָמַר לוֹ. לֵךְ וְהַחֲזֵר אֶת הַנַּרְתֵּיק שֶׁכָּל מִינֵי רְפוּאוֹת נְתוּנִין בּוֹ וַאֲנִי מְרַפֵּא אֶת בִּנְךָ. כָּךְ אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְאֵלִיָּהוּ. לְךְ וְהַתֵּר נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלְטָל שֶׁאֵין הַמֵּתִים חַיִים אֶלָּא בִטְלָלִים. וַאֲנִי מְחַיֶּה בְּנָהּ שֶׁלְצָרְפִית. וּמְנַיִין שֶׁאֵין הַמֵּתִים חַיִים אֶלָּא בִטְלָלִים. [שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר] יִחְיוּ מֵתֶיךָ נְבֵילָתִי יְקוּמוּן הָקִיצוּ וְרַנְּנוּ שׁוֹכְנֵי עָפָר כִּי טַל אוֹרוֹת טַלֶּךָ וָאָרֶץ רְפָאִים תַּפִּיל. מָהוּ וָאָרֶץ רְפָאִים תַּפִּיל. אָמַר רִבִּי תַנְחוּם אֶדִרֶעִיָיא. וְאַרְעָא תַפְקִידָהּ תְּפַלֵּט.It is written. 17:1. Elijah the Tisbite, from the inhabitants of Gilead, said to Aḥab: By the Living Eternal One, the God of Israel, before Whom I stood, there will not be dew nor rain these years except by my word. Rebbi Berekhia said, Rebbi Yose and the rabbis. One of them said, he was heard both for dew and for rain; the other one said, he was heard for rain but was not heard for dew the two statements were added by the corrector. Since these are the essence of the argument in the entire paragraph, the original omission in Berakhot shows that the text there is not original., from. 18:1. But dew is not mentioned. Since the sequel is a justification for the inclusion of praise for giving dew, it shows that including the sentence “Who brings down dew” in the prayer for resurrection is Galilean usage (unknown in Babylonia), as noted by I. Elbogen (Der jüdische Gottesdienst in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung, Chapter 2, §9).: Go, appear before Aḥab and I shall give rain on the face of the earth. He who said, he was heard both for dew and for rain, where was the vow of dew dissolved? Rebbi Tanḥum from Edrei said, they are of the opinion that a vow that was dissolved partially is dissolved totally9:6) that if in an earthly court part of a vow is annulled (because is was made under false intent), the entire vow is annulled. This is not the majority opinion and is not practice; therefore it does not imply Heavenly standards.. Some want to say, on the occasion of the son of the woman from Sarepta: He called on the Eternal and said, o Eternal, my God, also the widow with whom I am dwelling You are doing evil to kill her son. 17:20.. Rebbi Judah ben Pazi said, about one who stole a doctor’s bag), word also used for “casket for unguents”. Hesiod has Prometheus carry off the fire in the stalk of a νάρθηξ.. When he left, his son was injured. He returned to him and said: Please, sir doctor, heal my son. He said to him: Go and return my bag because it is full of medicines, and I shall heal your son. So the Holy One, praise to Him, said to Elijah: Go and lift the vow of dew because the dead are resurrected only by dew, then I shall resurrect the son of the Sareptan. And from where that the dead will live only by dew? . 26:19.Your dead will live, the corpses will arise. Wake up and jubilate, those who dwell in dust! For a dew of light is Your dew, וָאָרֶ֭ץ רְפָאִ֥ים תַּפִּֽיל. What means וָאָרֶ֭ץ רְפָאִ֥ים תַּפִּֽיל? Rebbi Tanḥum from Edrei said, “the earth will give up what is deposited in it., by reading תַּפִּֽיל in the sense of Mishnaic Hebrew “having a miscarriage”: The Netherworld will expel what is in its belly. (Read totally differently in the Babli, Ketubot111a,111b).”

Jerusalem Talmud Taanit.1.1