Nida — Talmud Jeruszalmi

Nida

Nida — Talmud Jeruszalmi w serwisie Beth HaMidrash: tekst hebrajski i jego polskie tłumaczenie, z Raszim i wielkimi komentatorami. Za darmo, online.

משנה: שַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים דַּיָין שַׁעְתָּן. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה אֲפִילוּ לְיָמִים הַרְבֶּה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה אֶלָּא מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה. וּמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ וֶוסֶת דַּיָיהּ שָׁעָתָהּ. וְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בָּעִדִּים הְרֵי זוֹ כַפְּקִידָה וּמְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְעַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה.MISHNAH: Shammai says, every woman’s timing is exact. 15:19–23). While impurity of food is not mentioned in these verses, it is taken for granted that if she imparts impurity to implements that do not easily become impure, certainly she imparts impurity to food which easily becomes impure. The impurity is defined (v. 19) by “blood is flowing from her flesh”. Shammai holds that a woman notices exactly when her period starts; therefore any food she touches after the onset of her period is impure but anything she had touched before is pure.; Hillel says, from checking to checking, even if that is a long time. But the Sages say following neither of them but for checking to checking to be reduced by 24 hours, and from 24 hours to be reduced by checking.Every woman with a regular period, corresponding to Hebrew אורח “regularity”; cf. E. and H. Guggenheimer, Notes on the Talmudic Vocabulary 8–11, Lešonenu 37 (1973), 105–112. follows her exact timing; and if one has intercourse with cloths in Is. 64:5 is due to Qimhi; according to Rashi (Is. 64:5), the biblical word is an Aramaism and means “to be discarded”. In Niddah, Rashi seems to to read עֵד “a witness”., this counts as checking and is reduced by 24 hours and by checking.

הלכה: שַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר. כָּל הַנָּשִׁים דַּיָין שַׁעְתָּן כול׳. מָהוּ דַּיָין שָׁעָתָן. שֶׁאֵינָן מְטַמּוֹת טַהֳרוֹת לְמַפְרֵעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה. לֹא כְשַׁמַּאי שֶׁלֹּא נָתַן סְיָיג לִדְבָרָיו וְלֹא כְהִלֵּל שֶׁהִפְלִיג עַל מִדּוֹתָיו. אֶלָּא מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה וּמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. כֵּיצַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה. בָּדְקָה עַצְמָהּ בְּשֵׁינִי בַשַּׁבָּת וְרָאָת בַּחֲמִישִּׁי בַשַׁבָּת אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא עַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת דְּאַרְבָּעָתָא. כֵּיצַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. בָּדְקָה בְשַׁחֲרִית וְרָאָת בְּמִנְחָה אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא עַד שַׁחֲרִית.HALAKHAH: “Shammai says, every woman’s timing is exact,” etc. What means, “their timing is exact”? They do not retroactively impart impurity to food prepared in purity. “But the Sages say following neither of them,” not following Shammai who imposed no restriction, and not like Hillel who went overboard. “But for checking to checking it is reduced by 24 hours, and from 24 hours is reduced by checking.” How is checking to checking reduced by 24 hours? If she checked herself on Tuesday and saw blood on Thursday, [her food] is impure only from the same time on Wednesday. How is 24 hours reduced by checking? If she checked herself out in the morning and saw in the afternoon, it is impure only starting from the morning.

תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּמָבוֹי מְטַמֵּא לְמַפְרֵעַ. רִבִּי אִמִּי בָּעֵי. מַתְנִיתָא דְּלֹא כְשַׁמַּי. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. אִין לֵית הוּא כְשַׁמַּי אֲפִילוּ כְהִלֵּל לֵית הִיא. וְלֹא מוֹדֶה הִלֵּל בְּמָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא מִתְכַּבֵּד וְשֶׁטֶף שֶׁלִּגְשָׁמִים עוֹבֵר בוֹ שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. שַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר. הָדָא אִשָּׁה עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהִיא רְגִילָה בְמֵי רַגְלַיִם עָשׂוּ אוֹתָהּ כְּמָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא מִתְכַּבֵּד וְשֶׁטֶף שֶׁלִּגְשָׁמִים עוֹבֵר בוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר.There 7:2., we have stated: “A [dead] crawling animal. 11:29–38. In death, they are original sources of severe impurity. found in a dead-end alley). It is a private domain for the rules of impurity, meaning that a doubt of impurity has to treated as presumptive impurity; cf. Soṭah 1:2, Note 88. causes impurity retroactively. Rebbi Immi asked, does this Mishnah not disagree with Shammai? Rebbi Yose said, this is true, it does not follow Shammai, but even Hillel it does not follow. Does Hillel not agree that a dead-end alley which was swept or inundated by a rainstorm is pure? Shammai says, since this woman regularly urinates, she is like a dead-end alley which was swept or inundated by a rainstorm and is pure.

עַד כְּדוֹן בְּשֶׁבָּדְקָה וּמָצְתָה נָגוּב. בָּדְקָה וּמָצְתָה טָהוֹר. רִבִּי אִמִּי בְשֵׁם רַב רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רַב יְהוּדָה. בָּדְקָה וּמָצְתָה טָהוֹר אֲסוּרָה לְבֵיתָהּ עַד שֶׁיִּתְנַגֵּב מַעְיָינָהּ. חַד רִבִּי טוֹבִי אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. אֲסוּרָה לְבֵיתָהּ עַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. אָמַר רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא. כַּד סְלִיקִית לְהָכָא שְׁמָעִית מִן כָּל רַבָּנִן. מוּתֶּרֶת לְבֵיתָהּ מִיַּד. הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר. מָאן דָּמַר. מוּתֶּרֶת לְבֵיתָהּ. מִפְּקִידָה הוּא לְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וּמָאן דָּמַר. אֲסוּרָה לְבֵיתָהּ. אֵינָהּ כִּפְקִידָה לְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְאֲפִילוּ כְמָאן דָּמַר. אֲסוּרָה לְבֵיתָהּ. כִּפְקִידָה הִיא לְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְלָמָּה הִיא אֲסוּרָה לְבֵיתָהּ. שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁהִיא מִתְרַגֶּלֶת בְּדָמִים טְהוֹרִין הִיא מִתְרַגֶּלֶת בְּדָמִים טְמֵאִין.So far if she checked and found herself dry. If she checked and found herself pure? Rebbi Immi in the name of Rav, Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Jehudah: If she checked and found herself pure she is forbidden to her husband until her [blood’s] source dries up. 15:25–30), which requires an additional seven days before purity may be achieved. Babylonian practice accepts the distinction between pure and impure discharges only for the rules of impurity, which were irrelevant in Babylonia, but not for those of marital relations.. One Rebbi Tobi said in the name of Rebbi Abbahu, she is forbidden to her house for 24 hours. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said, when I immigrated here, I heard from all rabbis that she is immediately permitted to her husband).. They wanted to say that for him who says, she is permitted to her husband, this is a check which diminishes from 24 hours, but for him who says, she is forbidden to her husband, it is not counted as a check which diminishes from 24 hours. But even for him who says, she is forbidden to her husband, it is counted as a check which diminishes from 24 hours. Why is she forbidden to her husband? Because she is used to pure blood, she might get used to impure blood.

בָּדְקָה וּמָצְתָה סָפֵק. פְּשִׁיטָא אֵינָהּ כִּפְקִידָה לְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. הוּא עַצְמוֹ מָהוּ שֶׁיִּטָּמֵא בְּסָפֵק. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. טוּמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגֵינָס שֶׁרָאוּ דַּיָין שָׁעָתָן. מָה אַתְּ שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. טוּמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגֵינָס סָפֵק וּמֵעֵת לְעֵת סָפֵק וְאֵין סָפֵק לְסָפֵק. וָכָא. רְאִיָיתָהּ סָפֵק וּמֵעֵת לְעֵת סָפֵק וְאֵין סָפֵק לְסָפֵק.If she checked herself and found it a doubtful case 1:2 Note 88. Therefore, it seems more likely that it cannot be determined whether there was any discharge.). It is obvious that it is not counted as a check to diminish from 24 hours. Itself, would it be impure because of doubt? Let us hear from the following: “A sexless8:6, Note 226. He could be a male with an ingrown penis. It is difficult to see how he could have a female genital discharge. or a hermaphrodite 8:6, Notes 224,225,236,237,242. who had a discharge follow their exact timing.” What do you infer from this? Rebbi Yose said, a sexless or a hermaphrodite represent a doubt, 24 hours represent a doubt, and a doubt is not superimposed on a doubt 75a); a prohibition in such a case would be disregarded. Cf. Ketubot 1:1 Note 23, Yebamot 16:1, last line.. So here, whether she had a discharge represents a doubt, 24 hours represent a doubt, and a doubt is not superimposed on a doubt.

Jerusalem Talmud Niddah.1.1