دمای — تلمود یروشلمی

دمای

دمای — تلمود یروشلمی در Beth HaMidrash: متن عبری و ترجمهٔ فارسی‌اش، با راشی و مفسران بزرگ. رایگان، آنلاین.

משנה: הַקַּלִּים שֶׁבִּדְמַאי הַשִׁיתִין וְהָרִימִין וְהָעֻזָּרְדִין וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ וּבְנוֹת שִׁקְמָה וְנוֹבְלוֹת הַתְּמָרָה וְהַגּוּפְנָן וְהַנִצְפֶּה. וּבִיהוּדָה הָעוֹג וְהַחוֹמֶץ וְהַכּוּסְבָּר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר כָּל הַשִּׁיתִים פְּטוּרוֹת חוּץ מִשֶּׁל דִּיֻפְרָא. וְכָל הָרִימִין פְּטוּרִין חוּץ מֵרִימֵי שִׁיקְמָנָה. וְכָל בְּנוֹת שִׁקְמָה פְּטוּרוֹת חוּץ מִשֶּׁל הַמְּסוּטָּפוֹת.MISHNAH: The easy ones for demay is given in the Introduction. The “easy ones” are those to which the laws of demay do not apply and which may be bought from any source without separating heave or tithe. are shitin 2:5, Note 86.) It will be explained that these are figs growing under the leaves. Since figs need much sun to ripen, normally figs grow on top of the leaves, exposed to the sun. Those growing under the leaves remain hard and inedible at harvest time and are not usually harvested. Hence, these figs are to be considered abandoned property after the harvest and are not subject to any laws of heave and tithes., lotus fruit, ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 526, notes that in Falastini Arabic the fruit is called אַלדוּם., the fruit of the service tree, white figs 40b)., and sycamore figs, fallen dates, fennel 3, p. 462. Maimonides declares it to be “a relative of dill.” The Arukh declares it to be wild grapes, Italian lambrusco. This follows the Babli (Berakhot 40b) which defines it to be grapes that ripen only after the harvest., and capers) and Maimonides. This refers to the fruit only.. Also in Judea sumac, vinegar, and coriander. Rebbi Jehudah says, all shitin are free except those from a tree bearing fruit twice a year, all lotus fruit are free except lotus fruit from Shiqmanah, and all sycamore fruits are free except those cracked open, Book XIII, §56. In all these instances, R. Jehudah insists that the fruits do not grow wild and/or are not abandoned..

הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְפִי שֶׁרוֹב הַמִּינִין הַלָּלוּ אֵין בָּאִין אֶלָּא מִן הַהֶבְקֵר לְפִיכָךְ מָנוּ אוֹתָן חֲכָמִים.HALAKHAH: Rebbi Joḥanan said, the Sages enumerated them because the majority of these kinds are collected only from abandoned property.

רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא דְּמַאי אֲבָל וַדָּאִין חַיָיבִין. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר לָא שַׁנְיָיא בֵּין דְּמַאי בֵּין וַדַּאי פְּטוּרִין. וְקַשְׁיָא עַל דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא דְּמַאי הָא וַדַּאי חַיָיבִין. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא לְפִי שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם וּמָקוֹם לֹא חָשִׁיב אֶלָּא דְּמַאי וְהָכָא לֹא אֲתִינָן אֶלָּא וַדַּאי.Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, only demay is mentioned, hence one is obligated can one get away with giving only 1%. (This argument appears anonymously in Babli Berakhot40b.) if they are certain. Rebbi Joḥanan said, they are free whether demay or certain. It is difficult for Rebbi Joḥanan, didn’t they mention only demay? Hence if it is certain, is it not obligated or Ma‘serot, but here it refers explicitly to demay.? Rebbi La said, since at every place is a mnemotechnic device which starts tractate Demay. It has no intrinsic meaning. he considers only demay, here he quotes only demay.

מַתְנִיתָא מְסַיְיעָא לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִגְּזִיב וּלְהַלָּן פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא מִגְּזִיב לְהַלָּן בֵּין דְּמַאי בֵּין וַדַּאי. אוּף הָכָא לָא שַׁנְיָיא בֵּין דְּמַאי בֵּין וַדַּאי.The Mishnah supports Rebbi Joḥanan: “From Akhzib. 19:29, Jud. 1:31. Along the seashore, Kezib or Akhzib denotes the northernmost point of contiguous settlement by Jews during the Second Commenwealth. As explained in the Introduction, agricultural land outside this area is in principle free from all obligations imposed on the Land. (Exceptions are discussed in Chapter 2, Halakhah 1 and, for the Tithe of the Poor only, in Tractates Ma‘serot and Ševiït.) and further on it is free from demay.” Is not from Akhzib and further on no difference between demay and certainty? Here also there is no difference between demay and certainty.

מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא עַל רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. אִם הָיוּ נִשְׁמָרִין חַיָיבִין עִיקָּרָן לֹא מִן הַהֶבְקֵר הֵן בָּאִין. פָּתַר לָהּ אַחַר רוֹב מְשַׁמְּרִין. אִתָא חֲמֵי אִם רוֹב מְשַׁמְּרִין דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל חַיָיבִין בֵּין דְּמַאי בֵּין וַדַּאי. אִם אֵין רוֹב מְשַׁמְּרִין דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל פְּטוּרִין בֵּין דְּמַאי בֵּין וַדַּאי. מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה לֵית יָכִיל דְּתַנֵּינָן מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה דְמַאי. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא לֹא סוֹף דָּבָר הַקַּלִּים שֶׁבִּדְמַאי אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ דְמַאי עַצְמוֹ.A baraita 1:1: “The easy ones for demay,shitin, lotus fruit, and the fruit of the service tree, may be trusted everywhere to be free (from obligation of tithes), but if they are kept in storage they are obligated.” disagrees with Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: “If they were kept in storage they are obligated.” Did they not essentially come from abandoned property? He explains it, if most people keep them in storage. Come and see, if most people keep them in storage, it is everybody’s opinion that they are obligated, be it demay or certain. If most people do not keep them in storage, it is everybody’s opinion that they are free, be it demay or certain. Half and half you cannot consider since we have stated 2:10: “If someone finds produce on the road, if most people store it in their houses, it is free” (since, then, everybody must give heave and tithes at his barn and the few things lost on the road are included,) “if most people transport it to sell on the market, it is obligated” (since the seller may nibble from it occasionally without tithes and the future buyer, who has no relationship to the harvester, is obligated for tithes,) “half and half is demay.” Hence, there seems to be no way to relax the standard for a fifty-fifty doubt.: “Half and half is demay.” Rebbi Zeïra said, not only the easy ones for demay but even demay itself does not deal with our case, but with commercial produce; hence, it has no implications here and we may reduce the difference between R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish to this particular case..

Jerusalem Talmud Demai.1.1