Moed Katan — Talmud Bavli

Moed Katan

Moed Katan — Talmud Bavli no Beth HaMidrash: o texto hebraico e sua tradução em português, com Rashi e os grandes comentaristas. Grátis, online.

מַשְׁקִין בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין בַּמּוֹעֵד וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, בֵּין מִמַּעְיָין שֶׁיָּצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה, בֵּין מִמַּעְיָין שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה. אֲבָל אֵין מַשְׁקִין לֹא מִמֵּי הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְלֹא מִמֵּי הַקִּילוֹן.MISHNA: One may irrigate a field that requires irrigation on the intermediate days of a Festival as well as during the Sabbatical Year, both from a newly emerged spring that began to flow only during the Festival, and from a spring that did not just emerge and that has been flowing for some time. However, one may not irrigate a field with rainwater collected in a cistern, a procedure that requires excessive exertion, or with water drawn with a shadoof [kilon], a lever used to raise water with a bucket from deep down in a well.

וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין עוּגִיּוֹת לַגְּפָנִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: אֵין עוֹשִׂין אֶת הָאַמָּה בַּתְּחִילָּה בַּמּוֹעֵד וּבִשְׁבִיעִית, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: עוֹשִׂין אֶת הָאַמָּה בַּתְּחִילָּה בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, וּמְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַמְקוּלְקָלוֹת בַּמּוֹעֵד.And one may not construct circular ditches around the bases of grapevines on the intermediate days of a Festival. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: One may not construct a new water channel during the intermediate days of a Festival or during the Sabbatical Year. And the Rabbis say: One may construct a new water channel during the Sabbatical Year and one may repair damaged water channels during the intermediate days of a Festival.

וּמְתַקְּנִין אֶת קִלְקוּלֵי הַמַּיִם שֶׁבִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְחוֹטְטִין אוֹתָן, וּמְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַדְּרָכִים וְאֶת הָרְחוֹבוֹת וְאֶת מִקְווֹת הַמַּיִם, וְעוֹשִׂין כׇּל צוֹרְכֵי הָרַבִּים, וּמְצַיְּינִין אֶת הַקְּבָרוֹת, וְיוֹצְאִין אַף עַל הַכִּלְאַיִם.In addition to performing labor on one’s own property in order to avoid financial loss, it is also permitted to perform labor on the intermediate days of a Festival for the public welfare: One may repair damaged water cisterns that are in the public domain, and clean them out by removing the dirt and sediment that accumulated there; one may repair roads, streets, and ritual baths; and one may tend to all other public needs. So too, one may mark graves to inform the public of their ritual impurity, and inspectors may even go out to uproot the shoots of prohibited diverse kinds [kilayim] that grew in the fields during the rainy season.

גְּמָ׳ הַשְׁתָּא יֵשׁ לוֹמַר מִמַּעְיָין שֶׁיָּצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה, דְּאָתֵי לְאִינְּפוֹלֵי — מַשְׁקִין, מִמַּעְיָין שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה, דְּלָא אָתֵי לְאִינְּפוֹלֵי — מִיבַּעְיָא?GEMARA: The Gemara begins by questioning the wording of the mishna: Now that it has been said that on the intermediate days of a Festival one may irrigate a field from a newly emerged spring, whose walls have not yet stabilized and are likely to collapse, necessitating laborious repairs, is it necessary to mention that one may irrigate a field from a spring that did not just emerge, whose walls have already stabilized and are therefore not likely to collapse?

אָמְרִי, אִצְטְרִיךְ: אִי תַּנָּא מַעְיָין שֶׁיָּצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: הָכָא הוּא דְּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין — אִין, בֵּית הַבַּעַל — לָא, מִשּׁוּם דְּאָתֵי לְאִינְּפוֹלֵי. אֲבָל מַעְיָין שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא בַּתְּחִילָּה, דְּלָא אָתֵי לְאִינְּפוֹלֵי — אֵימָא אֲפִילּוּ בֵּית הַבַּעַל נָמֵי,The Gemara answers: They say that it was necessary to mention the second case as well. For had the tanna taught us the halakha with regard to only a newly emerged spring, I would have said that here, in the case of a field that requires irrigation, yes, one is permitted to irrigate from such a spring, but in the case of a field that ordinarily suffices with rainwater, no, one is not permitted to do so, because it is likely to collapse. But with regard to a spring that did not just emerge, that is not likely to collapse, I might say that one may provide supplementary irrigation even in the case of a field that ordinarily suffices with rainwater.

Moed Katan.2a