Eruvin — Talmud Bavli

Eruvin

Eruvin — Talmud Bavli en Bet HaMidrash: el texto hebreo y su traducción al español, con Rashi y los grandes comentaristas. Gratis, en línea.

מָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא גָּבוֹהַּ לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה — יְמַעֵט. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ.MISHNA: If an alleyway is enclosed on three sides with courtyards opening into it from three sides, and the fourth side opens into a public domain, it is prohibited by rabbinic law to carry objects in it on Shabbat. However, carrying in an alleyway under those circumstances is permitted if a cross beam is placed horizontally over the entrance to the alleyway. The mishna teaches that if the cross beam spans the entrance to an alleyway at a height above twenty cubits, one must diminish the height of the cross beam so that it is less than twenty cubits. Rabbi Yehuda says: He need not diminish it, since the cross beam enables one to carry in the alleyway even at that height.

וְהָרָחָב מֵעֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת יְמַעֵט. וְאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ צוּרַת הַפֶּתַח, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא רָחָב מֵעֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת אֵין צָרִיךְ לְמַעֵט.If the entrance to the alleyway is wider than ten cubits, one must diminish its width. However, if the entrance to the alleyway has the form of a doorway, i.e., two vertical posts on the two sides, and a horizontal beam spanning the space between them, even if it is wider than ten cubits, he need not diminish it, as it is then regarded as an entrance, rather than a breach, even if it is very wide.

גְּמָ׳ תְּנַן הָתָם: סוּכָּה שֶׁהִיא גְּבוֹהָה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה פְּסוּלָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. מַאי שְׁנָא גַּבֵּי סוּכָּה דְּתָנֵי ״פְּסוּלָה״ וְגַבֵּי מָבוֹי תָּנֵי תַּקַּנְתָּא?GEMARA: We learned in a mishna there, in tractate Sukka: A sukka that is more than twenty cubits high is unfit, and Rabbi Yehuda deems it fit. The halakhot are similar in substance but differ in formulation, and accordingly the Gemara asks: What is the difference that with regard to a sukka the mishna teaches that it is unfit, whereas with regard to an alleyway, it teaches the method of rectification, that one must diminish the height of the cross beam?

סוּכָּה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, תָּנֵי ״פְּסוּלָה״. מָבוֹי דְּרַבָּנַן, תָּנֵי תַּקַּנְתָּא.The Gemara answers: With regard to sukka, since it is a mitzva by Torah law, the mishna teaches that it is unfit, as if it is not constructed in the proper manner, no mitzva is fulfilled. Whereas with regard to an alleyway, where the entire prohibition of carrying is only by rabbinic law, the mishna teaches the method of rectification, as the cross beam comes only to rectify a rabbinic prohibition, but does not involve a mitzva by Torah law.

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא נָמֵי תָּנֵי תַּקַּנְתָּא. אֶלָּא, סוּכָּה דִּנְפִישִׁין מִילֵּיהּ — פָּסֵיק וְתָנֵי ״פְּסוּלָה״. מָבוֹי דְּלָא נְפִישִׁי מִילֵּיהּ — תָּנֵי תַּקַּנְתָּא.The Gemara suggests an alternative explanation: And if you wish, say instead that even with regard to matters prohibited by Torah law, it would have been appropriate for the mishna to teach a method of rectification. However, with regard to sukka, whose matters are numerous, it categorically teaches that it is unfit. Merely diminishing the height of a sukka is insufficient to render it fit; it must also satisfy requirements governing its size, its walls, and its roofing. Teaching the remedy for each disqualification would have required lengthy elaboration. With regard to an alleyway, however, whose matters are not numerous, the mishna teaches the method of rectification. Once the height is diminished, it is permitted to carry in the alleyway.

Eruvin.2a