Alkalmatlan áldozatok (Pszulé haMukdasin) — Rambam

Alkalmatlan áldozatok (Pszulé haMukdasin)

Alkalmatlan áldozatok (Pszulé haMukdasin) — Rambam a Beth HaMidrash oldalán: a héber szöveg és magyar fordítása, Rásival és a nagy kommentátorokkal. Ingyenes, online.

כָּל הַפְּסוּלִין לַעֲבוֹדָה מֻתָּרִין לִשְׁחֹט קָדָשִׁים לְכַתְּחִלָּה וַאֲפִלּוּ קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים. חוּץ מִן הַטָּמֵא שֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹחֵט לְכַתְּחִלָּה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה וּפָשַׁט יָדָיו וְשָׁחַט בָּעֲזָרָה גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִגַּע בַּבָּשָׂר:All persons disqualified from performing sacrificial service 9:15 for a detailed list of such individuals. may slaughter sacrificial animals, even sacrifices of the most sacred order, as an initial preference, 3:1 (the source for this ruling) could be interpreted as implying that the slaughter is acceptable only after the fact. In his Commentary to the Mishnah (based on Zevachim 31b), the Rambam explains that this restriction applies only to a person who is ritually impure. with the exception of a person who is ritually impure, who may not slaughter as an initial preference. Even though he stands outside the Temple Courtyard 3:6). and inserts his hands and slaughters in the Courtyard, 3:18, it is forbidden for an impure person to insert his hand into the Temple Courtyard according to Rabbinic Law. Nevertheless, this person was willing to transgress. Significantly, in his Commentary to the Mishnah (loc. cit.) the Rambam offers an interpretation that does not require that the person transgress: he slaughtered with a long knife. [he was restricted]. This a decree, lest he touch the [sacrificial] meat.

וְאִם עָבַר וְשָׁחַט הַזֶּבַח כָּשֵׁר. וְכֵן פַּר כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (ויקרא טז יא) "וְשָׁחַט אַהֲרֹן" אִם שְׁחָטוֹ זָר כָּשֵׁר. אַף פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה שֶׁשָּׁחַט הַזָּר כְּשֵׁרָה שֶׁאֵין לְךָ שְׁחִיטָה פְּסוּלָה בְּזָר:If [an impure person] transgressed and slaughtered [a sacrificial animal], the sacrifice is acceptable. Similarly, with regard to the bull [brought by] the High Priest on Yom Kippur even though [Leviticus 16:11] states: "And Aaron... shall slaughter [the bull]," "and he shall offer." According to the Rambam, the verse should be interpreted as meaning that the offering of the bull must be performed by the High Priest, not necessarily its slaughter. if a non-priest slaughtered it, it is acceptable. Even a red heifer that was slaughtered by a non-priest is acceptable, 3:2; 4:17). for there is no slaughter by a non-priest that invalidates [a sacrifice].

הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים וְלֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁחִיטָה אֶלָּא כְּמִתְעַסֵּק. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְּסוּלִין עַד שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁחִיטָה:When a person slaughters sacrificial animals, but does not have the intent to slaughter them, but instead, is merely busying himself [thoughtlessly], they are disqualified. [He must] have the intent to slaughter them.

וְלֹא יִשְׁחֹט שְׁנֵי רָאשִׁים כְּאֶחָד בְּקָדָשִׁים וְאִם שָׁחַט הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כְּשֵׁרִים:One should not slaughter the heads of two sacrificial animals at the same time. If one slaughtered [in this manner], the sacrifices are acceptable. 29a.

אֲבָל שְׁנַיִם שׁוֹחֲטִין בְּהֵמָה אַחַת בְּקָדָשִׁים כְּחֻלִּין:Two people may slaughter a sacrificial animal together, just as they may slaughter an ordinary animal. 2:10.

Mishneh Torah, Sacrifices Rendered Unfit.1