Nazireat (Nezirut) — Rambam

Nazireat (Nezirut)

Nazireat (Nezirut) — Rambam pe Beth HaMidrash: textul ebraic și traducerea lui în română, cu Rași și marii comentatori. Gratuit, online.

הַנְּזִירוּת הוּא נֵדֶר מִכְּלַל נִדְרֵי אִסָּר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו ב) "כִּי יִדֹּר נֶדֶר נָזִיר" וְגוֹ'. וּמִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁיְּגַדֵּל שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו ה) "גַּדֵּל פֶּרַע שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ". וְאִם גִּלֵּחַ בִּימֵי נִזְרוֹ עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו ה) "תַּעַר לֹא יַעֲבֹר עַל רֹאשׁוֹ". וְכֵן אָסוּר לְהִטָּמֵא לַמֵּתִים אוֹ לֶאֱכל דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֲסָרָן הַכָּתוּב עָלָיו (במדבר ו ד) "מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן" (במדבר ו ד) (במדבר ו ח) "כָּל יְמֵי נִזְרוֹ":A nazirite vow is one of the types of vows involving prohibitions,, there are two types of vows: vows involving prohibitions and vows taking on an obligation to bring sacrifices. A nazirite vow also involves bringing sacrifices, as will be explained. Nevertheless, it is considered primarily a vow involving prohibitions (Radbaz).as [Numbers 6:2] states: "When one will take a nazirite vow...." It is a positive commandment for [a nazirite] to let the hair of his head grow, (positive commandment 92) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 374) include this commandment among the 613 mitzvot of the Torah. as [ibid.:5] states: "He shall let the mane of the hair of his head grow." If he cuts [his hair] in the midst of the days of his nazirite vow, he violates a negative commandment, (negative commandment 209) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 373) include this commandment among the 613 mitzvot of the Torah. as [ibid.] states: "A razor shall not pass over his head." Similarly, he is forbidden to contract ritual impurity from a corpse (negative commandments 207-208) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvot 375-376) include two prohibitions involving this matter among the 613 mitzvot of the Torah. See Chapter 5 which describes this prohibition. or eat those products of a grape vine which the Torah forbids him from eating (negative commandment 202-206) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvot 368-372) include five prohibitions against partaking of these grape products among the 613 mitzvot of the Torah. throughout the entire span of his nazirite vow.

עָבַר וְגִלֵּחַ אוֹ נִטְמָא אוֹ אָכַל מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה שְׁתַּיִם. אַחַת מִשּׁוּם (במדבר ל ג) "לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ" שֶׁכּוֹלֵל כָּל הַנְּדָרִים. וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם דָּבָר שֶׁעָבַר עָלָיו מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁאֲסוּרִין אִסּוּר מְיֻחָד עַל הַנָּזִיר:When [a nazirite] transgressed and cut his hair, became impure [due to contact with a corpse], or partook of wine grapes, he receives two sets of lashes:one because of the prohibition "He shall not desecrate his word," 1:5. and one because of the prohibition that he transgressed from the unique prohibitions that apply to a nazirite.

נָדַר בְּנָזִיר וְקִיֵּם נִדְרוֹ כְּמִצְוָתוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלֹשׁ מִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה. הָאַחַת (במדבר ל ג) "כְּכָל הַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיו יַעֲשֶׂה" וַהֲרֵי עָשָׂה. וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה (במדבר ו ה) "גַּדֵּל פֶּרַע שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ" וַהֲרֵי גִּדֵּל. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ עִם הֲבָאַת קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו יח) "וְגִלַּח הַנָּזִיר פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" וְגוֹ':When a person takes a nazirite vow and fulfills his vow according to the mitzvah, he has performed three positive commandments: a) "He shall act in accordance with all that he uttered with his mouth," 1:4. and he has acted [accordingly], b) "He shall let the mane of the hair of his head grow," and he has let it grow, and c) shaving and bringing his sacrifices, (positive commandment 93) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 377) include this commandment among the 613 mitzvot of the Torah. See Chapter 8 which describes this procedure. as [ibid.:18] states: "And the nazirite shall shave at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting."

הָאוֹמֵר לֹא אֶפָּטֵר מִן הָעוֹלָם עַד שֶׁאֶהֱיֶה נָזִיר הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר מִיָּד שֶׁמָּא יָמוּת עַתָּה. וְאִם אֵחֵר נְזִירוּתוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹבֵר בְּבַל (דברים כג כב) "תְּאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ" וְאֵין לוֹקִין עַל לָאו זֶה:When a person says: "I will not depart from the world until I become a nazirite," he becomes a nazirite immediately, lest he die at that time. If he delays [implementing] his nazirite vow, he transgresses the prohibition: 1:1, this prohibition applies to any person who delays keeping the vows and pledges he makes. He does not, however, list this prohibition as one of the 613 mitzvot in these halachot, but instead, in Hilchot Ma'aseh HaKorbanot (in the introduction to those halachot and in Chapter 14, Halachah 13).See also Hilchot Arachin 6:33 which uses this law as support for the principle that a pledge to perform a mitzvah is considered as a vow. "Do not delay in paying it." Lashes are not given for the violation of this prohibition. 18:2, lashes are not given for the violation of a prohibition that does not involve a deed. Note, however, Chapter 5, Halachah 21.

אֵין אוֹמְרִין בִּנְזִירוּת עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא בִּשְׂפָתָיו דָּבָר שֶׁמַּשְׁמָעוֹ אֵצֶל כָּל הָעָם כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁבְּלִבּוֹ. אֶלָּא כֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּמַר בְּלִבּוֹ וְהוֹצִיא בִּשְׂפָתָיו דְּבָרִים שֶׁעִנְיָנָם שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נָזִיר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן עִנְיָנוֹת רְחוֹקוֹת וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בְּמַשְׁמָעָן לְשׁוֹן נְזִירוּת הֲרֵי הוּא נָזִיר:With regard to a nazirite vow, we do not say: [The vow does not take effect] until he makes a statement that every person would be able to understand [that] in his heart [he desired to take a nazirite vow]. Instead, since he made a decision in his heart to take a nazirite vow and verbally expressed concepts that suggest this intent, he is a nazirite although these concepts are distant and [their simple meaning] does not communicate the concept of a nazirite vow. 5b) that yadot nedarim, literally "handles of vows," are considered equivalent to vows themselves.

Mishneh Torah, Nazariteship.1