Jertfa pascală (Korban Pesah) — Rambam

Jertfa pascală (Korban Pesah)

Jertfa pascală (Korban Pesah) — Rambam pe Beth HaMidrash: textul ebraic și traducerea lui în română, cu Rași și marii comentatori. Gratuit, online.

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לִשְׁחֹט אֶת הַפֶּסַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר לְחֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן אַחַר חֲצוֹת. וְאֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין אֶלָּא מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ מִן הָעִזִּים בִּלְבַד זָכָר בֶּן שָׁנָה. וְאֶחָד הָאִישׁ וְאֶחָד הָאִשָּׁה חַיָּבִין בְּמִצְוָה זוֹ:It is a positive commandment to offer the Paschal sacrifice on the fourteenth day of the month of Nisan after midday. This offering is brought only from lambs or goats, a male in its first year. Both men and women are obligated in this mitzvah.

ומִי שֶׁבִּטֵּל מִצְוָה זוֹ בְּזָדוֹן וְעָבַר יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר וְלֹא הִקְרִיב וְהוּא לֹא טָמֵא וְלֹא בַּדֶּרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב כָּרֵת. וְאִם בִּטְּלָהּ בִּשְׁגָגָה פָּטוּר:One who willfully nullifies this mitzvah and allows the fourteenth of Nisan to pass without him offering the Paschal sacrifice despite the fact that he is not impure or not on a distant journey, he is liable for karet. If he neglected the offering of this sacrifice inadvertently, he is exempt.

אֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין אֶת הַפֶּסַח אֶלָּא בַּעֲזָרָה כִּשְׁאָר הַקָּדָשִׁים. אַף בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר הַבָּמוֹת לֹא הָיוּ מַקְרִיבִין אֶת הַפֶּסַח בְּבָמַת יָחִיד [ב.] וְכָל הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת הַפֶּסַח בְּבָמַת יָחִיד לוֹקֶה [ג.] שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז ה) "לֹא תוּכַל לִזְבֹּחַ אֶת הַפָּסַח בְּאַחַד שְׁעָרֶיךָ". מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה לַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּבָמַת יָחִיד אֲפִלּוּ בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר הַבָּמוֹת:The Paschal sacrifice may be slaughtered only in the Temple Courtyard like other sacrifices. Even when sacrificing in high places was permitted, the Paschal sacrifice would not be offered on an individual altar. Anyone who offers the Paschal sacrifice on an individual altar is liable for lashes as if he offered it in the market place, as Deuteronomy 16:5 states" "You may not sacrifice the Paschal sacrifice in one of your gates." According to the Oral Tradition, it was taught that this is warning not to slaughter a Paschal sacrifice on an individual altar even during the time when sacrificing on the high places was permitted.

שְׁחִיטַת הַפֶּסַח אַחַר חֲצוֹת. וְאִם שְׁחָטוֹ קֹדֶם חֲצוֹת פָּסוּל. וְאֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא אַחַר תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם. אַחַר שֶׁמַּקְטִירִין קְטֹרֶת שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם וְאַחַר שֶׁמֵּיטִיבִין אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת מַתְחִילִין לִשְׁחֹט אֶת הַפְּסָחִים עַד סוֹף הַיּוֹם. וְאִם שְׁחָטוֹ אַחַר חֲצוֹת קֹדֶם תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם כָּשֵׁר וְיִהְיֶה אֶחָד מְמָרֵס בְּדַם הַפֶּסַח עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק דַּם הַתָּמִיד וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִזְרֹק דַּם הַפֶּסַח אַחֲרָיו. וְאִם נִזְרַק דַּם הַפֶּסַח קֹדֶם דַּם הַתָּמִיד כָּשֵׁר:The slaughter of the Paschal sacrifice takes place after midday. It should not be slaughtered until the afternoon daily offering is slaughtered. After the afternoon incense offering is brought and the lamps of the Menorah are kindled, they begin slaughtering the Paschal sacrifices and continue until the end of the day.If one slaughtered the Paschal sacrifice after midday, but before the afternoon daily sacrifice was offered, it is acceptable, but one should stir the blood of the Paschal sacrifice until the blood of the daily offering is cast on the altar. Afterwards, the blood of the Paschal sacrifice should be cast after it. If, however, the blood of the Paschal sacrifice is cast before the blood of the daily offering, it is acceptable.

הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ וְהָיָה לוֹ כְּזַיִת חָמֵץ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ לוֹקֶה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג יח) "לֹא תִזְבַּח עַל חָמֵץ דַּם זִבְחִי". שֶׁלֹּא יִזְבַּח הַפֶּסַח וְהֶחָמֵץ קַיָּם. אֶחָד הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְאֶחָד הַזּוֹרֵק אֶת הַדָּם וְאֶחָד הַמַּקְטִיר אֶת הָאֵימוּרִין אִם הָיָה בִּרְשׁוּת אֶחָד מֵהֶם אוֹ בִּרְשׁוּת אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חֲבוּרָה שֶׁאוֹכְלִין פֶּסַח זֶה כְּזַיִת חָמֵץ בִּשְׁעַת הַקְרָבָתוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה וְהַפֶּסַח כָּשֵׁר:A person who slaughters the Paschal sacrifice at the appropriate time while possessing an olive-sized portion of chametz is liable for lashes, as Exodus 23:18 states: "Do not slaughter sacrificial blood over chametz, i.e., that one should not offer the Paschal sacrifice while chametz continues to exist in his possession.Whether one slaughters, casts the blood on the altar, or offers the organs and fats, if one of these individuals or one of the members of the company partaking of this Paschal sacrifice possessed chametz in his domain at the time it is offered, he is liable for lashes. The sacrifice is, however, acceptable.

Mishneh Torah, Paschal Offering.1