Bikoerim en gaven aan de kohanim — Rambam

Bikoerim en gaven aan de kohanim

Bikoerim en gaven aan de kohanim — Rambam op Beth HaMidrash: de Hebreeuwse tekst met Nederlandse vertaling, met Rasji en de grote commentatoren. Gratis, online.

עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע מַתָּנוֹת נִתְּנוּ לַכֹּהֲנִים וְכֻלָּן מְפֹרָשִׁין בַּתּוֹרָה. וְעַל כֻּלָּן נִכְרְתָה בְּרִית לְאַהֲרֹן. וְכָל כֹּהֵן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹדֶה בָּהֶן אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק בַּכֹּהֲנִים וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לוֹ מַתָּנָה מֵהֶן:There are 24 presents that are given to the priests. All of them are explicitly mentioned in the Torah. A covenant was established with Aaron over all of them. Any priest who does not acknowledge them notes that Menachot 18b, the Rambam's apparent source, states: 'Any priest that does not acknowledge the priestly service does not receive a portion of the priesthood.' The Kessef Mishneh questions why the Rambam changes the wording of his source. does not have a portion in the priesthood and he is not given any of these presents.

וְכָל הָאוֹכֵל מַתָּנָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ קְדֻשָּׁה מְבָרֵךְ אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁתוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן וְצִוָּנוּ לֶאֱכל כָּךְ וְכָךְ:Every [priest] who partakes of one of the presents [given to the priests] that is sanctified or the first fruits which are referred to as 'holy.' should recite a blessing: '[Blessed are You].. who sanctified us with the sanctity of Aaron and commanded us to partake of...' [mentioning the particular type of present he is eating]. 10:1-2. And see Hilchot Terumah 15:22 which describes partaking of terumah.

שְׁמוֹנֶה מַתָּנוֹת מֵהֶם אֵין אוֹכְלִים אוֹתָן הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶלָּא בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ לְפָנִים מֵחוֹמַת הָעֲזָרָה. וְחָמֵשׁ מַתָּנוֹת אֵין אוֹכְלִין אוֹתָן אֶלָּא בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם לְפָנִים מֵחוֹמַת הָעִיר. וְחָמֵשׁ מַתָּנוֹת אֵין זוֹכִין בָּהֶן מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּלְבַד. וְחָמֵשׁ מַתָּנוֹת זוֹכִין בָּהֶן בֵּין בָּאָרֶץ בֵּין בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ. וּמַתָּנָה אַחַת זוֹכִין בָּהּ מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:Eight of the presents may be eaten by the priests only in the Sanctuary, within the walls of the Temple Courtyard.). Five of them may be eaten only in Jerusalem within the walls of the city. According to Scriptural Law, there are five presents that are acquired [by the priests] only in Eretz Yisrael. There are five presents that they acquire both in Eretz Yisrael and in the Diaspora. And there is one present that that they acquire from the Temple's [property].

מַה הֵן הַשְּׁמוֹנֶה שֶׁאֵין נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ. בְּשַׂר הַחַטָּאת אֶחָד חַטַּאת הָעוֹף וְאֶחָד חַטַּאת הַבְּהֵמָה. וּבְשַׂר הָאָשָׁם בֵּין תָּלוּי בֵּין וַדַּאי. וְזִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר. וּמוֹתָר הָעֹמֶר. וּשְׁיָרֵי מְנָחוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם. וְלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים. וְלוֹג שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל מְצֹרָע. אֵלּוּ אֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ:What are the eight that may be eaten only in Temple? The meat of the sin offering - this includes both sin-offerings of fowl and sin-offerings of animals, 1:1; 10:3. the meat of a guilt-offering, 9:1, 10:3. whether a definite guilt-offering or a guilt-offering brought because of doubt, 1:1; 10:3. communal peace offerings,1:4, 9:4. [the portion of] the omer offering that remains, 7: 12. [the portion of] an Israelite's meal offering that remains, 10:2-3, 12:9. the two loaves [offered on Shavuot], 8:11. the show bread,4:9. and the log of oil brought by a metzora. 4:3. [All of] these may be eaten only in the Temple.

וּמַה הֵן הֶחָמֵשׁ שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים. וְהַמּוּרָם מִן הַתּוֹדָה. וְהַמּוּרָם מֵאֵיל נָזִיר. וּבְכוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה. וְהַבִּכּוּרִים. אֵלּוּ אֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם:What are the five that are eaten only in Jerusalem? The breast and the leg of the peace offering, 10:4-5. the portion granted [the priests] from the thanksgiving offering, 9:12. the portion granted [the priests] from the ram brought by a nazirite, 9:12. the firstborn of a kosher animal, 1:2. and the first fruits. [all of] these may be eaten only in Jerusalem.

Mishneh Torah, First Fruits and other Gifts to Priests Outside the Sanctuary.1