Orla — Mischna

Orla

Orla — Mischna på Beth HaMidrash: den hebreiska texten och dess svenska översättning, med Raschi och de stora kommentatorerna. Gratis, på nätet.

הַנּוֹטֵעַ לִסְיָג וּלְקוֹרוֹת, פָּטוּר מִן הָעָרְלָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָמַר הַפְּנִימִי לְמַאֲכָל וְהַחִיצוֹן לִסְיָג, הַפְּנִימִי חַיָּב, וְהַחִיצוֹן פָּטוּר:One who plants [a fruit tree] as a fence or to provide wood beams, it is exempt from [the law of] orlah. Rabbi Yose says: even if he said “The inward [facing part of the tree] is for food, and the outward [facing part] is for a fence,” the inward [facing part] is subject [to orlah], and the outward [facing part] is exempt.

עֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לָאָרֶץ, מָצְאוּ נָטוּעַ, פָּטוּר. נָטְעוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא כִבְּשׁוּ, חַיָּב. הַנּוֹטֵעַ לָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהַנָּכְרִי שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַגַּזְלָן שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּסְפִינָה, וְהָעוֹלֶה מֵאֵלָיו, חַיָּב בָּעָרְלָה:If at the time when our ancestors came into the land and they found [a tree already] planted it was exempt [from the laws of orlah]. If they planted [a tree], even though they had not yet conquered [the land], it was subject [to orlah]. If one planted a tree for [the use of] the many, it is subject. But Rabbi Judah makes it exempt. If one has planted [a tree] in the public domain, or if a non-Jew has planted, or if a robber has planted, or one who plants on a boat, or [a tree] that has grown of itself, it is subject to orlah.

אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, שְׁטָפוֹ נָהָר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב. נֶעֱקַר הַסֶּלַע מִצִּדּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעַתּוּ הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעוֹ וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כְעָפָר, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב:If a tree was uprooted and the hard soil together with it, or if a stream swept it away and the hard soil together with it, [then] if it could have lived it is exempt, But if [it could] not, it is subject. If the hard soil has been detached from its side, or if a ploughshare shook it, or if someone shook it, and one reset it with earth, [then] if it could have lived, it is exempt, But if not, it is subject.

אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ, פָּטוּר. וְכַמָּה יְהֵא הַשֹּׁרֶשׁ, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בַּרְתּוֹתָא, כְּמַחַט שֶׁל מִתּוּן:If a tree was uprooted and one root was left [in the ground], it is exempt. How much must the [thickness of the] root be? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said in the name of Rabb Eliezer ben Judah a man of Bartota: as [thick as] a pin [used for] stretching.

אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וּבוֹ בְרֵכָה, וְהוּא חָיֶּה מִמֶּנָּה, חָזְרָה הַזְּקֵנָה לִהְיוֹת כַּבְּרֵכָה. הִבְרִיכָהּ שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה, וְנִפְסְקָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה. סִפּוּק הַגְּפָנִים, וְסִפּוּק עַל גַּבֵּי סִפּוּק, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְרִיכָן בָּאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ יָפֶה, מֻתָּר, וְמָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רָע, אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּרֵכָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר:A tree which was uprooted and it has a bent-down [and rooted] shoot, and it [the tree] derives sustenance from it [the shoot], the old [tree] is [considered] like the shoot. If one bends [and roots] from it year after year, and it became detached, one counts from the time it became detached. A grafted shoot of vines, and a grafted shoot [growing] on another grafted shoot, even if he rooted them in the soil, they are permitted. Rabbi Meir said: in an instance where it is strongly [grafted], it is permitted, but in an instance where it is poorly [grafted], it is prohibited. A bent-down [and rooted] shoot that has become detached and is full of fruit, [then] if it increased one two hundredth, it is prohibited.

Mishnah Orlah.1